Currently in its 17th edition, it was first published in 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), also sometimes known as Turabian style (more on that in a moment), is one of the established style guides for academic writing. There are also differences with the punctuation, such as a commas after the title and page number.Ī page of an essay using footnotes looks like the image below.Write with Grammarly What is the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) format and citations? In a footnote, only the page/s referred to is needed. Note too that the page number is different from the bibliography entry (which gave the article’s first and last page). Notice that the order of the author’s name has changed. For example, the footnote for the sample source looks like:ġ Irène Diependaal, “Hanover: A German Dynasty and its Symbols,” The Court Historian 20, no. Remember to check the guide carefully, since footnotes are written differently to bibliography entries. The information about the source of each numbered reference is given at the bottom of each page of your text. Footnotes are superscript numbers inserted in your text whenever you use a source. When you use Chicago, you need to use footnotes in the body of your work to show where the information comes from. “Hanover: A German Dynasty and its Symbols.” The Court Historian 20, no.
A finished referenceįollowing the above steps, this is what your bibliography entry will look like:ĭiependaal, Irène. Look to see if the article has a DOI – a Digital Object Identifier. 2 (2015): 219-223.įinally, if you found the article online, you need to give the date of access and, if available, the DOI. Sometimes you may need to look elsewhere in the article or on the journal’s website to find out these details.ĭiependaal, Irène. You will also need the page range (219-223). “Hanover: A German Dynasty and its Symbols.” The Court Historian Publication detailsĪfter that, you need the volume number (20) and, if available, the issue number (2), then the year (2015). Then comes the article title and the journal name (in italics).ĭiependaal, Irène. Then, you need to work out the author’s first name.ĭiependaal, Irène.
Author namesįirst, you need to identify the author’s surname (also known as their last name, or family name). Check over your references to make sure they’re following the same principles and formatting. If you’re ever unsure, remember that your markers care most of all about consistency and having enough information to be able to locate the source themselves. This includes the details such as punctuation. Your aim at this point is to make the information that you have match the order and formatting of the information from the style guide. Write out the reference following the style guide examples. This information tells you that it is an article from the journal, and that it has one author.ģ. The screenshot below shows the information that is on the cover page of the article. Say for instance you need to reference a journal article that you found online, such as the one below.
CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE HOW TO
Is it a book? A journal article? An interview? Did you access it online? How many authors does it have? The source's characteristics influence how to reference it. Identify what the source is, where it's from, and who it's by. If you get this right early on, it will save you a lot of time. Let's go through the steps of how to use a style guide to reference in Chicago, using the Chicago Manual of Style footnoting system. Chicago Manual of Style guides Library resource However, it is most common to use the Chicago notes and bibliography system. Chicago also has an author-date style, where the citation occurs in parentheses in the body of the text. The Chicago Manual's footnote referencing system - called notes and bibliography style - is widely used in the arts and humanities.
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